Kvantemekanikk
Nobelprisen i fysikk 2025 tildelt kvantefysikere
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John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret og John M. Martinis mottar Nobelprisen i fysikk 2025 for eksperimenter som demonstrerer kvantetunneling i makroskopiske kretser. Deres arbeid fra midten av 1980-tallet la grunnlaget for supraledende kvantedatamaskiner. Prisvinnerne uttrykte stor overraskelse over prisen.
Researchers at the University of Stuttgart have shown that the Carnot principle, a cornerstone of thermodynamics, does not fully hold for correlated particles at the atomic level. Their work reveals that quantum engines can surpass the traditional efficiency limit by harnessing quantum correlations. This discovery could pave the way for highly efficient nanoscale motors.
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Scientists at the University of Innsbruck have discovered that a strongly interacting quantum gas can stop absorbing energy when repeatedly driven by laser pulses, entering a stable state called many-body dynamical localization. This challenges classical expectations of inevitable heating in driven systems. The finding highlights the role of quantum coherence in maintaining order amid constant forcing.
Scientists have developed highly precise ultracold atomic clocks that could detect how quantum physics influences the flow of time. By cooling atoms to near absolute zero, these devices aim to measure subtle time variations predicted by quantum theory. The research, published in Nature Communications, opens new avenues for testing fundamental physics.