EHEC infections are clustering in northern Germany, with over 120 cases in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern by early October. Cases in Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg are being linked to this wave. Experts advise thorough hygiene to prevent infections.
Every year, numerous people in Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg become infected with EHEC bacteria. Recently, a cluster in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern drew attention, with more than 120 cases known by early October. Cases in the northernmost state of Schleswig-Holstein are now being associated with this wave. In Hamburg, two infections have been attributed to the outbreak so far, with one more pending final testing.
EHEC stands for enterohämorrhagische Escherichia coli, specific strains of the gut bacterium E. coli that can cause illness. They reside in the intestines of ruminants like cows and goats. «These strains are among the highly contagious pathogens - a relatively low pathogen load is sufficient here», explains Helmut Fickenscher, microbiologist at the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein in Kiel.
In an infection, the bacteria produce Shigatoxins, potent cell poisons that kill intestinal cells and trigger severe, often bloody diarrhea. In severe cases, hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) can develop, leading to blood clotting disorders and kidney failure. Children are particularly vulnerable: «Relatively small amounts of Shigatoxin can have an even stronger effect in a small organism», says Fickenscher.
Transmission occurs mainly via feces from animals like goats, cows, sheep, or deer, but also through contact with infected individuals. The bacteria survive for weeks in moist environments. Direct animal contact, such as in petting zoos, poses risks: «Making it clear to small children that handwashing is necessary after hugging an animal before putting fingers in the mouth is not so easy», warns Fickenscher.
Prevention relies on hygiene: Thorough handwashing with soap for 20 to 30 seconds after animal or meat contact. Wash fruits and vegetables, as fields are often fertilized with manure. Consume milk only if pasteurized. «Raw meat juices can easily contaminate a salad without much effort, but this is not the main cause of EHEC transmission», emphasizes Fickenscher.
Symptoms include bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and mild fever; consult a doctor. With diarrhea, drink plenty; antibiotics are used in severe cases. Asymptomatic infections are possible.