ヘルシンキ大学の研究者らは、植物細胞のミトコンドリアが葉緑体から酸素を奪うことを発見し、光合成やストレス応答に影響する新たな相互作用を明らかにした。この発見はPlant Physiologyに掲載され、植物が内部酸素レベルを管理する方法を説明している。研究では遺伝子改変したArabidopsis thaliana植物を用いてこれらのプロセスを観察した。
ヘルシンキ大学樹木生物学卓越センターのアレクセイ・シャピグゾフ博士率いるチームは、植物細胞でこれまでに知られていなかったメカニズムを特定した。呼吸によりエネルギーを産生するミトコンドリアは、光合成の場である葉緑体の周囲の酸素レベルを積極的に低下させることができる。この酸素交換は、植物が活性酸素種を処理し、環境ストレスに適応する方法を変える。
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University of Utah researchers report that iron-rich hemozoin crystals inside the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum move through the parasite’s digestive compartment because reactions involving hydrogen peroxide at the crystal surface generate chemical propulsion. The work, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, links a long-observed phenomenon to peroxide chemistry and could point to new antimalarial drug strategies and ideas for engineered micro- and nanoscale devices.
Researchers at The University of Texas at Austin have discovered that some Asgard archaea, close relatives of complex life's ancestors, can tolerate and use oxygen. This finding resolves a long-standing puzzle about how oxygen-dependent and oxygen-avoiding microbes formed the partnership that led to eukaryotes. The evidence, published in Nature, suggests complex life emerged in oxygenated environments after the Great Oxidation Event.
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An international team including researchers from Cornell University, the Boyce Thompson Institute, the University of Edinburgh, and others has uncovered how hornwort plants use a modified protein, RbcS-STAR, to cluster the key photosynthetic enzyme Rubisco into pyrenoid-like compartments. This mechanism boosts carbon capture and could enhance crop yields by up to 60 percent while reducing needs for water and fertilizers.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University have discovered that light exposure increases adhesion between the outer skin and inner tissues of young pea stems through accumulation of p-coumaric acid. This reinforcement bolsters plant structure but restricts expansion and growth. The findings, published in Physiologia Plantarum, suggest potential applications for improving crop resilience.
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Researchers at the University of California, Riverside say they have developed a flexible, battery-powered gel patch that generates oxygen inside hard-to-heal wounds—an approach aimed at countering deep-tissue oxygen deprivation that can stall recovery and contribute to amputations. In experiments in diabetic and older mice, the team reported that wounds that often remained open—and were sometimes fatal—closed in about 23 days when treated with the oxygen-generating patch.