Cell Biology
Study suggests the route to whole-genome doubling influences whether DNA-doubled cells survive
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Researchers at Hokkaido University report that cells left with an extra set of DNA after a division error can have markedly different outcomes depending on how the division fails—findings that could help explain why some abnormal cells persist in diseases where whole-genome duplication is common, including cancer.
Researchers at Rice University have found that the protein PEX11 not only helps peroxisomes divide but also regulates their size during early plant development. In Arabidopsis seedlings, PEX11 mutants developed abnormally large peroxisomes lacking internal vesicles that normally curb growth. The mechanism appears conserved across species, as yeast Pex11 restored normal function in plant mutants.
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Researchers at Kyoto University and RIKEN report that human cells can detect “non-optimal” synonymous codons—alternative three-letter genetic instructions that encode the same amino acid but are translated less efficiently—and selectively suppress the corresponding mRNAs. In experiments described in Science, the team identifies the RNA-binding protein DHX29 as a central component of this codon-dependent control of gene expression.
Researchers led by Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich have mapped how ribosomes detect collisions during protein synthesis and activate a stress-response pathway via the kinase ZAK. By showing how ZAK recognizes stalled, collided ribosomes, the team’s Nature study highlights the role of the translation machinery in cellular surveillance and protection.
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Researchers in Japan have identified a new principle explaining why living organisms' growth slows even with abundant nutrients. The global constraint principle integrates classic biological laws to reveal sequential limitations in cellular processes. Verified through E. coli simulations, it could enhance crop yields and biomanufacturing.