The Lesotho Highlands Water Project, originally designed to supply water to Gauteng, has unexpectedly become a source of renewable energy through new hydropower initiatives. The recently opened Boston hydroelectric plant near Clarens exemplifies this shift, generating clean power amid South Africa's energy liberalization. This development highlights how existing infrastructure can support broader sustainability goals.
Launched in the late 1980s, the Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP) aimed to provide a reliable water supply to South Africa's industrial hub in Gauteng by channeling water from Lesotho's mountains. Water from the massive Katse Dam flows through canals, eventually reaching the Ash River near Clarens in the Free State, transforming it into a constant torrent suitable for hydropower generation.
The Boston hydroelectric plant, built by Serengeti Energy and recently opened, capitalizes on this flow. "This is an unintended consequence of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project [LHWP]. They were not thinking about this when it was started," said Anton-Louis Olivier, CEO of Serengeti Energy, while standing alongside the canal. The R390-million facility features a turbine that harnesses the water's energy without consuming it, allowing the flow to continue to Gauteng.
JSE-listed Growthpoint Properties has acquired a 30% stake in the plant, securing exclusive access to its annual 30GWh of renewable electricity through a 195GWh power purchase agreement with Etana Energy. The plant is unmanned and has an operational lifetime exceeding 40 years. Growthpoint CEO Estienne de Klerk noted, "It not only benefits the immediate occupants of Growthpoint’s properties but also helps to create a brighter and more sustainable future for South Africa."
This project reflects South Africa's renewable energy boom, spurred by regulatory liberalization following Eskom's challenges. Half a dozen hydro plants now operate along the Ash River, contributing to decarbonization efforts across sectors. Globally, hydropower accounts for about 15% of electricity generation, offering consistent output compared to intermittent sources like wind or solar. Currently, Katse Dam is 97% full and Mohale Dam 89% full, supporting reliable generation amid promising rainfall forecasts.
While the LHWP enhances energy security, water delivery to Johannesburg remains hampered by local infrastructure issues.