University develops solar desalination without toxic brine

Researchers at the University of Rochester have created a solar-powered system that converts seawater into fresh water while avoiding the production of harmful liquid brine. The technology uses laser-textured panels to evaporate water and collect salts as solids.

The system employs black metal panels treated with femtosecond lasers to absorb sunlight and wick seawater across an active surface. As water evaporates, salts are directed to passive regions using the coffee ring effect, preventing clogs during operation. Tests with samples from the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans confirmed continuous fresh water extraction and self-cleaning performance.

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Flinders University scientists in lab testing nano-cage adsorbent that removes 98% of PFAS from water, showing filtration process with molecular capture.
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Flinders University team reports nano-cage adsorbent that captures short-chain PFAS in water tests

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Researchers at Flinders University say they have developed an adsorbent material that removed more than 98% of short- and long-chain PFAS—including hard-to-capture short-chain variants—in laboratory flow-through tests using model tap water. The approach embeds nano-sized molecular cages into mesoporous silica and, in the experiments reported, could be regenerated while remaining effective over at least five reuse cycles.

Researchers at Columbia Engineering have developed a new technique to pull lithium from underground brines more quickly and with less environmental harm. The approach uses a temperature-sensitive solvent and avoids the large evaporation ponds common in current production.

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Researchers at the University of Adelaide have devised a solar-powered process to transform plastic waste into clean hydrogen fuel and other chemicals. The technique, known as solar-driven photoreforming, uses sunlight and photocatalysts to break down plastics at low temperatures. Early experiments show promising hydrogen yields and system stability.

Two companies have tested pumping seawater onto Arctic ice to increase its thickness and slow summer melting. Field trials in Canada and Norway produced thicker ice but showed varying effects on how long it lasted.

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Researchers have modified bacteria to manufacture gadusol, a UV-protective substance found in fish eggs. The advance could support development of transparent, eco-friendly sunscreens. The work was led by a team at Jiangnan University in China.

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