A European research team has developed a system of three robots to autonomously explore lava tunnels on the Moon and Mars, which could serve as protected bases for astronauts. The technology was tested successfully in volcanic caves on Lanzarote, Spain, demonstrating its potential for mapping underground environments. This mission concept aims to shield explorers from radiation and meteorite impacts.
Lava tunnels on the Moon and Mars are promising sites for future human bases, offering natural protection against radiation and space debris. A consortium led by the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), with contributions from the University of Malaga's Space Robotics Laboratory and the Spanish company GMV, has proposed a collaborative robotic system to investigate these challenging terrains.
The mission involves three types of robots operating in four phases. Initially, they map the area around the tunnel entrance. A sensorized payload cube is then deployed to collect preliminary data. Next, a scout rover descends into the cave via rappelling. Finally, the team conducts in-depth exploration to generate detailed 3D maps of the interior.
Field tests conducted in February 2023 in Lanzarote's volcanic caves validated the approach, confirming its technical feasibility. The work, published in Science Robotics in 2025, highlights the role of autonomous robotics in planetary missions. Authors including Raúl Domínguez and Frank Kirchner emphasize how such systems could enable safer exploration.
The University of Malaga's laboratory specializes in enhancing robot autonomy for space tasks, collaborating with the European Space Agency on rover navigation algorithms. It also trains students through internships and projects with international partners. This development supports broader efforts in space exploration, potentially paving the way for sustainable lunar and Martian outposts.