Retsvidenskabsmand: Polens dom signalerer konsekvenser for Tyskland

Den Europæiske Retshøjinstans (ECJ) dom mod Polens domstolsvæsen for brud på EU-rettens principper medfører et budskab til Tysklands Forbundsforfatningsdomstol. Retsvidenskabsmanden fra Bielefeld Franz Mayer ser det som en påmindelse om, at ECJ har det sidste ord, og at EU-retten har forrang over national ret. Det berører følsomme aspekter af tysk retspraksis.

ECJ fordømte Polen, fordi dens Forfatningsdomstol nægtede at anerkende afgørelser fra EU's højeste domstol med henvisning til den polske forfatning. Dommerne i Luxembourg understregede, at EU-retten har forrang over national ret. Franz Mayer fra Bielefeld Universitet fortolker det som et klart signal til nationale højesteretter, herunder Tysklands Forbundsforfatningsdomstol i Karlsruhe.

Mayer siger: «Det forbliver en ‘brudpunkt’ med nationale højesteretter.» Han mener, at ECJ ville have afsagt en lignende dom i en sag mod Tyskland vedrørende den kontroversielle ECB-dom fra 2020. Dengang ignorerede Forbundsforfatningsdomstolen en beslutning fra Luxembourg og argumenterede, at EU-retten ikke må krænke den nationale forfatningsmæssige identitet.

Den Europæiske Kommission indledte et infringement-forløb mod Tyskland, men droppede det efter forsikringer fra den føderale regering. Mayer bemærker: «‘Karlsruhe-forfatningsdomstolens elefant’ var tydeligt til stede i rummet.» Alligevel siger eksperten, at Forbundsforfatningsdomstolen er enig i meget af domen, såsom fejl i udnævnelser i den polske domstol, der undergravede dens uafhængighed.

Denne dom fremhæver igangværende spændinger mellem EU-ret og national suverænitet, som ses i andre lande. Den opfordrer til anerkendelse af ECJ's autoritet uden at afvise alle nationale bekymringer.

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