An international team has created a new method to predict where dangerous scorpions are most likely to be found, focusing on environmental factors like soil type and temperature. The study, centered on central Morocco, aims to improve prevention and treatment of scorpion stings, a global health issue affecting millions annually. Findings could guide awareness campaigns and medical responses in high-risk areas worldwide.
Scientists from the University of Galway in Ireland and the University Ibn Zohr in Morocco have pioneered a forecasting tool to identify hotspots for highly venomous scorpions. By integrating fieldwork conducted in Africa with computer modeling, the researchers pinpointed soil type as the dominant influence on scorpion distribution, with temperature averages and seasonal variations also significant for specific species.
The study, published in Environmental Research Communications in 2026, examined scorpion fauna in central Morocco, recognized as one of the world's most severe areas for scorpion stings. Using a technique called Maximum Entropy modeling, the team analyzed global data on soil composition, temperature, and habitat features to predict high-risk zones, even in regions with sparse records.
Scorpion stings represent a substantial public health concern, with over 2 million incidents reported yearly, leading to more than 3,000 child deaths globally. Vulnerable groups, including children and older adults, face severe symptoms from potent venoms, and identifying the species involved often delays effective antivenom treatment.
Dr. Michel Dugon, senior author and head of the Venom Systems Lab at the University of Galway, emphasized the potential impact: "The findings could save lives. By pinpointing where dangerous scorpions are most likely to appear, health authorities can target awareness campaigns, train frontline medical staff, and focus community prevention in high-risk areas, especially protecting children. The approach can be applied wherever scorpions pose a threat, from Brazil to the Middle East and India."
First author Fouad Salhi, a doctoral researcher at University Ibn Zohr, highlighted the blend of methods: "This research shows how biodiversity data can inform public health policies. By combining long-term fieldwork with ecological modelling, we were able to identify where dangerous scorpions are most likely to occur. We aim to have real-world impact -- supporting prevention strategies, improving medical preparedness, and ultimately contribute to the reduction of the burden of scorpion stings, both in Morocco and beyond."
The project involved collaboration with undergraduate students from the University of Galway's BSc Zoology program, who participate in annual trips to Morocco. Dr. Colin Lawton, head of zoology there, noted the institution's growing role in global research.