El FMI reduce proyección de crecimiento global a 3,1% para 2026

El Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) proyecta un crecimiento mundial de 3,1% para 2026, una revisión a la baja de 0,2 puntos porcentuales respecto a estimaciones previas, debido al conflicto en Oriente Medio. La inflación global subiría al 4,4% por el encarecimiento energético. En escenarios adversos, el crecimiento podría caer hasta cerca del 2% con inflación cercana al 6%.

El FMI publicó su informe Perspectivas de la Economía Mundial, destacando mayor incertidumbre por el conflicto en Oriente Medio, que interrumpe la recuperación previa.

El organismo detalla tres canales de impacto: un shock energético que eleva costos e inflación, riesgos de efectos secundarios como aumentos salariales, y reacciones financieras con aversión al riesgo y fortalecimiento del dólar.

Para la política monetaria, el FMI indica un dilema: tolerar inflación transitoria si las expectativas están ancladas, o endurecer si se deterioran, dependiendo de la credibilidad de los bancos centrales.

Las economías emergentes enfrentan una reducción de 0,3 puntos en sus proyecciones de crecimiento para 2026, con mayor exposición a choques externos, especialmente importadores de energía con debilidades fiscales.

En Colombia, el déficit fiscal primario acumuló -0,7% del PIB a febrero, en un contexto de precios altos del petróleo, volatilidad financiera y mayor percepción de riesgo, lo que presiona tasas de interés y financiamiento.

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