In France, May 1st remains theoretically a non-working holiday, but debates surround openings for certain shops. The government announced instructions allowing independent bakeries and florists to employ voluntary staff. Legal challenges at the Council of State contest this measure.
France’s Labor Code states May 1st is fully a public holiday and non-working day, except for establishments unable to halt operations, such as hospitals or continuous factories. Workers on that day receive double pay funded by the employer.
A historical exemption for bakeries, tied to Sunday rest, was overturned by the Court of Cassation in 2006. Employers must now prove inability to interrupt activity. Cafés and restaurants benefit from an administrative practice reaffirmed in 2016, contributing to social continuity, with staff volunteering and double pay.
For 2026, Sébastien Lecornu promised instructions to state services so independent bakers and florists can employ voluntary staff. Labor Minister Jean-Pierre Farandou confirmed no formal instructions to inspectors, relying on “collective intelligence”. A April 17 communiqué was withdrawn on Tuesday to clarify the stance.
Referrals to the Council of State by Sud union, CGT, and Green deputies challenge an alleged “administrative tolerance”. The hearing occurred Wednesday, with a ruling expected before Friday. For 2027, a bill presented to the Council of Ministers will authorize these sectors through branch agreements, with double pay.
