Data from battery health startup Voltest indicates that used Tesla Model 3s equipped with lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries retain more range over time compared to those with nickel-cobalt-aluminum (NCA) packs. Analysis of high-mileage vehicles reveals LFP models maintaining 87% to 93% state of health after over 100,000 miles. This suggests LFP chemistry offers advantages in longevity for secondhand EVs.
A used Tesla Model 3 remains a popular choice on the secondhand market, offering solid range and features for under $20,000. Concerns about battery degradation in older models are common, but data from Voltest, a battery-health startup, provides reassurance. Davide Giacobbe, Voltest's cofounder and CEO, reported that around 70% of tested vehicles retain at least 80% battery health, with many five-year-old EVs at 85% or better.
Voltest's analysis focused on 20 Model 3s exceeding 100,000 miles. Half featured LFP batteries in 2022 Standard Range Rear-Wheel Drive models, while the other half had NCA packs from 2019 to 2022 vehicles. LFP batteries, known for low cost, heat resilience, high-voltage tolerance, and the ability to charge to 100% without harm, outperformed their counterparts.
The NCA vehicles showed state-of-health levels from 71% to 83%, mostly in the mid-to-high 70s. In contrast, LFP models ranged from 87% to 93%, with one at 92% after nearly 140,000 miles and another at 90% with almost 165,000 miles. Although LFP examples were newer, Giacobbe emphasized the differences exceed age effects alone, confirming LFP's slower degradation.
Contributing factors include battery size: NCA packs at 52.4 kilowatt-hours versus 60.5 kWh for LFP, leading to more frequent charging cycles for NCA models. Tesla recommends 100% charging for LFP but limits others to 80%, potentially accelerating NCA wear.
Tesla used LFP in base Model 3s from late 2021 until discontinuing the model in October 2024, likely due to U.S. tariffs on Chinese batteries. To identify LFP vehicles, check the software menu for a 100% charge recommendation or additional vehicle information.
While LFP excels in longevity, NCA offers higher energy density, faster charging, all-wheel drive options, and longer initial range, which may suit some buyers despite faster degradation.