New research shows that the loss of functional fat cells, rather than just excess fat, can lead to diabetes and other metabolic disorders. Scientists studied a rare genetic condition to reveal how damaged adipose tissue disrupts metabolism.
Researchers at the University of Michigan examined familial partial lipodystrophy type 2, a condition that causes abnormal fat loss. They created a mouse model by switching off the lamin A/C gene in fat cells, matching the mutation found in patients.
The study found that affected fat cells lost their ability to store lipids, entered a pro-inflammatory state, and suffered mitochondrial failure. These changes caused the tissue to become unhealthy and eventually disappear.
"This is really underscoring the importance of healthy fats in keeping metabolism intact and functional," said Elif Oral. The findings were published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation in 2025.
The work highlights fat cells as key players in blood sugar control and suggests new targets for protecting adipose tissue in metabolic diseases.
