El Niño
A new study reveals that the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) could intensify and synchronize with other climate patterns due to global warming, potentially leading to more extreme weather by mid-century. Researchers predict a tipping point around 2050 in the tropical Pacific, shifting ENSO from irregular cycles to strong, rhythmic oscillations. This change may heighten risks of rainfall extremes and climate whiplash in regions like Southern California and the Iberian Peninsula.
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Global average CO2 concentrations jumped by a record 3.5 parts per million in 2024, reaching 423.9 ppm, according to the World Meteorological Organization. This marks the largest annual increase since measurements began in 1957. The surge is attributed to fossil fuel emissions, wildfires, and reduced carbon uptake by lands and oceans.