The Supreme Court has accepted a new definition of the Aravalli mountain range, limiting it to landforms at 100 meters or more elevation. This decision, per the Forest Survey of India's assessment, excludes nearly 90 percent of the hills from protections. Experts warn it could exacerbate environmental degradation.
The Aravalli mountain range, one of the world's oldest, now faces risks from a controversial new definition. Proposed by the central government on October 13 and accepted by the Supreme Court on November 20, the definition limits the range to landforms at 100 meters or more above local relief. An internal assessment by the Forest Survey of India indicates this would exclude 91.3 percent of 12,081 hills (20 meters or higher) in Rajasthan. Considering all 118,575 hills, over 99 percent would be left out.
This ruling contradicts warnings from expert agencies, including the Court's own amicus curiae and the Central Empowered Committee (CEC). Protests have erupted in parts of Rajasthan. The Aravallis serve as a natural barrier against Thar desert sands, safeguarding air quality in Delhi-NCR. They facilitate rainfall and play a key role in groundwater recharge.
The range hosts 22 wildlife sanctuaries, including tiger reserves at Ranthambore, Sariska, and Mukundra. Species such as tigers, leopards, and sloth bears thrive here. Mining and urbanization have already created 12 major gaps. The Centre has instructed states to halt new mining leases until a sustainable mining plan is ready, with exceptions for critical minerals.
Ecologist Vijay Dhasmana stated, 'The Aravalli rocks are highly fractured, weathered, and porous, allowing rainwater to percolate deep into the ground. This vast reserve is crucial for water security in areas like Faridabad, Gurugram, and Sohna. Any disruption threatens regional water availability.' The Supreme Court should prioritize environmental safeguards to protect the range.