University of Michigan study challenges neutral theory of evolution

A new study from the University of Michigan suggests that beneficial mutations are more common than previously thought but often fail to spread because environments change too quickly. The research proposes a revised view of molecular evolution.

Researchers led by Jianzhi Zhang examined mutations in yeast and E. coli using deep mutational scanning. They found that more than 1 percent of amino acid changing mutations were beneficial, implying that over 99 percent of substitutions should be adaptive under stable conditions. Yet this rate far exceeds what is observed in nature.

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Microscopic view contrasting cell division errors: one surviving DNA-doubled cell and one dying cell, for cancer research news illustration.
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Study suggests the route to whole-genome doubling influences whether DNA-doubled cells survive

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Researchers at Hokkaido University report that cells left with an extra set of DNA after a division error can have markedly different outcomes depending on how the division fails—findings that could help explain why some abnormal cells persist in diseases where whole-genome duplication is common, including cancer.

A federally funded mouse study has revealed that some inherited traits follow non-Mendelian patterns through epigenetic changes. The research identified hundreds of unexpected DNA methylation events across generations. It also documented the first known natural paramutation in a mammal.

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A 20-year experiment cloning mice has revealed that clones develop significantly more genetic mutations than naturally reproduced mice, accumulating to fatal levels after multiple generations. Researchers led by Teruhiko Wakayama at Yamanashi University in Japan found over 70 mutations per clone generation on average, three times higher than in controls. The findings, published in Nature Communications, raise concerns for applications in farming, conservation and de-extinction efforts.

Researchers at the Earth-Life Science Institute in Tokyo have shown through experiments that repeated freezing and thawing could have driven the growth and fusion of primitive cell-like structures on early Earth. Vesicles made with certain lipids fused into larger compartments and retained DNA more effectively during these cycles. The findings suggest icy environments played a role in life's origins.

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Researchers have discovered that distantly related butterflies and moths have used the same two genes, ivory and optix, for more than 120 million years to create similar warning colors on their wings. This finding suggests evolution can follow predictable genetic pathways rather than being entirely random. The study focused on species from South American rainforests.

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