Une étude de l'université du Michigan remet en question la théorie neutre de l'évolution

Une nouvelle étude de l'université du Michigan suggère que les mutations bénéfiques sont plus fréquentes qu'on ne le pensait, mais qu'elles échouent souvent à se propager en raison de changements environnementaux trop rapides. Ces travaux proposent une vision révisée de l'évolution moléculaire.

Des chercheurs dirigés par Jianzhi Zhang ont examiné les mutations chez la levure et la bactérie E. coli à l'aide d'un balayage mutationnel profond. Ils ont découvert que plus de 1 % des mutations entraînant un changement d'acide aminé étaient bénéfiques, ce qui implique que plus de 99 % des substitutions devraient être adaptatives dans des conditions stables. Pourtant, ce taux dépasse largement ce qui est observé dans la nature.

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