Des scientifiques découvrent un protiste au code génétique inhabituel

Des chercheurs de l'Earlham Institute ont identifié une espèce de protiste jusqu'ici inconnue qui réaffecte deux codons stop génétiques pour coder des acides aminés, marquant ainsi une rare exception aux règles fondamentales de la biologie.

L'organisme, nommé Oligohymenophorea sp. PL0344, a été collecté dans un étang d'eau douce aux Oxford University Parks lors d'un test de routine d'une méthode de séquençage d'ADN unicellulaire. Le Dr Jamie McGowan, chercheur postdoctoral dirigeant ces travaux, a décrit cette découverte comme un pur hasard révélant à quel point la génétique des protistes reste méconnue. Chez ce cilié, les codons TAA et TAG ne signalent plus la fin d'un gène, mais codent respectivement pour la lysine et l'acide glutamique, tandis que seul le codon TGA conserve sa fonction de signal d'arrêt.

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Photorealistic depiction of DHX29 protein selectively silencing inefficient mRNA codons in a human cell, illustrating new gene expression research.
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