On January 22, 2026, US President Donald Trump launched the Board of Peace (BoP) at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, as the second phase of the Hamas-Israel peace plan. Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto signed the BoP Charter alongside other leaders, though the initiative has sparked domestic criticism over Palestinian involvement and its imperial mandate.
The launch of the BoP occurred amid the failure of the first phase of the peace plan, which began on October 10, 2025, involving the exchange of Israeli hostages and Palestinian prisoners, Israeli withdrawal to the Green Line, and humanitarian aid to Gaza. However, Israel continues to attack Palestinian civilians, limit food and medicine aid, and expel the UN agency for Palestinian refugees (UNRWA), established in 1949.
Prabowo signed the BoP Charter alongside leaders from Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, Turkey, and Pakistan. The BoP is tasked with demilitarizing Gaza, disarming Hamas, and reconstructing the area devastated since the war broke out on October 7, 2023. Its structure includes a founding executive council under Trump's control, with members such as former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, and Trump's son-in-law Jared Kushner. Trump holds final interpretation of the charter and veto power.
Lower tiers include the Gaza executive council and a national committee led by Ali Shaath, former deputy minister of the Palestinian Authority, as well as a military pillar under US Major Jasper Jeffers for the International Stabilization Force. Hamas is willing to freeze heavy weapons but rejects disarmament until Palestinian independence. BoP membership is limited to invited countries, with a three-year term unless a contribution exceeds 1 billion US dollars for a permanent seat.
Former Vice Presidents Jusuf Kalla (10th and 12th) emphasized the need to actively involve Palestinian and Israeli locals. "If you want to fix someone's village, the villagers themselves must be involved," he said. UI international relations expert Shofwan Al-Banna Choiruzzad warned Indonesia against becoming Trump's subordinate or sending troops for reconstruction projects like real estate. He referenced Prabowo's UN speech in September 2025: "The strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must; we must reject this doctrine."
Many countries like Russia and China joined for political-economic interests, while the UK, France, Norway, and Netherlands refused. Indonesia's participation is seen as leverage regarding the US tariff agreement, which reduced import tariffs on Indonesian goods from 32 percent to 19 percent, with exports to the US reaching 35 billion US dollars annually. However, this could violate Indonesian law prohibiting foreign military operations without UN legitimacy.
