中国研究人员实现风暴预报提前4小时

中国研究人员近日推出了一种基于卫星数据和人工智能技术的风暴临近预报系统,能够提前高达4小时有效预报对流天气。该成果发表于《美国国家科学院院刊》,由国家卫星气象中心王静松及多所大学和研究机构的研究员共同完成。

现在预报(nowcasting)是指利用当前大气观测数据生成快速短期未来大气状态预测的过程。这种方法的速度和实用性使其在全球自然灾害早期预警系统中发挥关键作用。

王静松表示:“严重对流天气具有突发性强、演变迅速和破坏力大的特点。”现有的预报提前时间和覆盖范围仍难以满足灾害应急响应的需求。

研究团队利用风云4系列卫星的大范围无缝监测优势,获取长时序数据,从而提取和预测对流云团的复杂随机运动。该团队提出了一种基于卫星数据的深度扩散模型(DDMS),建立人工智能对流现在预报系统。该系统覆盖约2000万平方公里,提供每15分钟一次的高分辨率对流预报,最长可达4小时。

据研究,该系统的对流现在预报性能优于现有模型。

随着风云4 03卫星的发射,该卫星支持星间协同、高速数据传输和广播功能,三颗风云4卫星将形成集成协同观测网络。这将显著提升中国天气预报、气象灾害防治、空间天气监测和生态环境观测能力。

这一进展有助于改善灾害应急响应,减少严重对流天气带来的破坏。

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