Chinese automotive experts conducted the world's largest EV winter test in Inner Mongolia, driving 67 vehicles in temperatures as low as -22 degrees Fahrenheit. Chinese models dominated the range retention rankings, with Tesla's Model 3 placing in the top ten. The test highlighted the challenges of extreme cold on EV batteries.
In a groundbreaking evaluation organized by Autohome, China's largest automotive media outlet, approximately 100 experts drove 67 new electric vehicles and hybrids to Yakeshi in Inner Mongolia for rigorous testing. The event, described as the world's largest-ever electric vehicle winter test, exposed the cars to temperatures ranging from 14 degrees Fahrenheit to -22 degrees Fahrenheit, along with icy surfaces, strong winds, and unpaved roads. Tests covered range retention, charging performance, driveability on ice, acceleration, and safety.
Extreme cold significantly impacted all vehicles, with most losing more than half their manufacturer-rated ranges due to increased battery electrolyte viscosity and the need to heat the battery and cabin. The results were compared against optimistic CLTC ratings, and tests were conducted at speeds of 70-80 kilometers per hour (43-49 mph), reflecting typical Chinese driving conditions.
Sedans led the rankings thanks to better aerodynamics and lower weight. The Xpeng P7 topped the list, achieving 366.7 kilometers (227 miles) on a full charge, retaining 53.9% of its 680-kilometer CLTC range. The Yangwang U7 followed at 51.8%, and the Zeekr 001 at 49.6%. Tesla's Model 3 secured fifth place with about 48% retention, ahead of the Nissan N7 at 47.4%. The new Mercedes-Benz CLA disappointed, retaining only 37% of its 866-kilometer CLTC range.
Tesla's Model Y variants ranked lower: the long-wheelbase Model Y L at 29th with 35.2% retention, and the standard Model Y at 31st with 36.1%. Several Chinese SUVs outperformed them, including the Xiaomi SU7, Aito M7, and Nio ES8, each exceeding 40%.
In energy consumption per 100 kilometers, smaller EVs shone. The BYD Seagull and Geely Xingyuan tied for first at 23.5 kilowatt-hours, equivalent to 2.6 miles per kWh. The BYD Seal 06 used 24.6 kWh, the Wuling Bingo S 24.9 kWh, and the Tesla Model 3 also 24.9 kWh, demonstrating solid efficiency under duress.
The test underscores lithium-ion batteries' limitations in cold weather, though modern thermal management helps. Conditions were harsher than typical winter driving, explaining the sharp range drops.
