Preços de fertilizantes sobem quase 10% devido ao conflito EUA-Irã

O fechamento do Estreito de Ormuz em meio ao conflito EUA-Irã impulsionou uma alta de 7,5% nos preços globais de fertilizantes na última semana, com a ureia subindo 24%. A Colômbia, dependente de importações para a maioria desses insumos, enfrenta potenciais efeitos em seu setor agrícola. Especialistas alertam que isso pode aumentar os custos de produção de cultivos.

O conflito no Oriente Médio, agravado pelo fechamento do Estreito de Ormuz, gerou volatilidade nos mercados globais. De acordo com o Índice de Preços de Fertilizantes Green Markets da Bloomberg, os preços de fertilizantes subiram 7,5% entre 27 de fevereiro e 6 de março de 2026. Especificamente, o preço da ureia subiu de US$460 para US$570 por tonelada, um aumento de cerca de 24%, segundo o indicador US Gulf Nola Urea Granular Spot. Latin America relies on imports for up to 90% of its agricultural fertilizers. In Colombia, urea accounted for 27.8% of fertilizer imports in 2025, per Dane data. The country imports about 2 million tons annually, representing 12% to 30% of total crop production costs, said Jorge Bedoya, president of the Colombian Farmers' Society (SAC). O Golfo Pérsico produz 30% da ureia mundial e 45% do comércio global de fertilizantes passa por Ormuz. César Palacio, gerente da Forteagro, observou que conflitos nessas áreas reduzem a oferta e elevam os preços, com aumentos estimados na ureia de US$80 a US$120. Isso pode repercutir nos preços de alimentos, ração animal e outros bens. Embora a Colômbia obtenha ureia principalmente de Trinidad e Tobago e dos Estados Unidos, o fechamento impacta a economia mais ampla. Os estoques cobrem 2-3 meses, mas culturas como arroz, café, milho e batata podem sofrer se a situação persistir. A ureia também subiu 62% desde dezembro de 2025, afetada também pelo conflito Rússia-Ucrânia.

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