Preços de fertilizantes sobem 22,57% desde o início da guerra no Oriente Médio em meio ao fechamento do Estreito de Ormuz

Os preços globais dos fertilizantes subiram 22,57% desde antes do início da guerra no Oriente Médio em 28 de fevereiro — somando-se a um aumento inicial de 7,5% até o início de março —, segundo o índice Green Markets da Bloomberg. O fechamento do Estreito de Ormuz interrompe 45% do comércio mundial de fertilizantes. Os agricultores colombianos enfrentam custos crescentes, o que levou o governo a anunciar subsídios.

O Índice de Preços de Fertilizantes Green Markets da Bloomberg subiu 22,57%, de US$ 753,26 por tonelada em 27 de fevereiro para US$ 923,29 em 23 de março, após um aumento inicial de 7,5% até 6 de março. Os preços da ureia dispararam 36,9%, atingindo US$ 630 por tonelada em relação aos níveis pré-guerra, após um salto anterior de 24% para US$ 570.

O fechamento do Estreito de Ormuz devido à guerra afeta 45% do comércio global de fertilizantes, 22% de ureia e 45% de enxofre — insumos críticos. A Colômbia, que importa cerca de dois milhões de toneladas anualmente (um fator chave em 12-30% dos custos das culturas), depende fortemente desses insumos em meio a pressões mais amplas no fornecimento, apesar de as principais fontes de ureia serem Trinidad e Tobago e os EUA.

Os principais fornecedores incluem a Yara (365.000 toneladas, 18,2% de participação), a Precisagro (285.000 toneladas, 14,2%) e a Monómeros com a Ecofértil (248.000 toneladas, 12,4%), seguidas pela Nitrofert, Nutrición de Plantas e C.I. Acepalma.

O presidente Gustavo Petro anunciou subsídios para mitigar os impactos. Os mercados aliviaram na segunda-feira depois que Donald Trump suspendeu os ataques à rede elétrica do Irã por cinco dias, com o petróleo Brent caindo para US$ 96 por barril.

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