Precios de fertilizantes suben 22,57% por guerra en Medio Oriente

Los precios de los fertilizantes han aumentado un 22,57% desde el inicio de la guerra en Medio Oriente el 28 de febrero, según el índice Green Markets de Bloomberg. Esto se debe al cierre del Estrecho de Ormuz, que afecta el 45% del comercio mundial de estos insumos. En Colombia, el sector agro enfrenta mayores costos de importación.

El índice Green Markets Fertilizer Price Index de Bloomberg registró un alza del 22,57% en los precios de los fertilizantes, pasando de US$753,26 por tonelada el 27 de febrero a US$923,29 el 23 de marzo. La cotización de la urea subió un 36,9%, de US$460 a US$630 por tonelada en ese período. El conflicto en Medio Oriente, iniciado el 28 de febrero, provocó el cierre del Estrecho de Ormuz, por donde pasa el 45% del comercio global de fertilizantes, el 22% de la urea y el 45% del azufre, esenciales para la agricultura. Colombia importa unos dos millones de toneladas anuales de fertilizantes, que representan entre el 12% y 30% de los costos de producción de cultivos, según Jorge Bedoya, presidente de la SAC. La urea importada procede principalmente de Trinidad y Tobago y Estados Unidos, pero el cierre afecta la economía general. Las principales empresas proveedoras son Yara (365.000 toneladas, 18,2% del mercado), Precisagro (285.000 toneladas, 14,2%) y Monómeros con Ecofértil (248.000 toneladas, 12,4%). Otras incluyen Nitrofert, Nutrición de Plantas y C.I. Acepalma. El presidente Gustavo Petro anunció un subsidio para mitigar el impacto. El lunes, los mercados corrigieron tras la suspensión por cinco días de ataques de Donald Trump al sistema eléctrico de Irán, con el petróleo Brent cayendo a US$96 por barril.

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