中国科学家开发出转化有毒废气的突破性技术

中国科学院院士李灿领导的团队揭开了一种革命性技术,将高度有毒的工业废气转化为清洁燃烧的氢燃料和高纯度硫磺,可能解决全球能源行业一个世纪以来的环境难题。专家在北京评估会议上高度评价该项目,并建议立即扩大规模以加速工业应用。河南新乡的试点工厂已证明该方法能在常温条件下消除近100%的硫化氢排放。

中国科学家在处理硫化氢这一臭名昭著的工业废气方面取得了重大突破。硫化氢是石油精炼、天然气净化和煤炭加工的副产物,以其'臭鸡蛋'气味闻名,对人类致命、对金属设备有腐蚀性,并是酸雨的主要成因。

李灿院士表示:“目前,全球能源系统面临来自硫化氢排放的重大环境挑战。”据他介绍,中国每年去除约80亿立方米的该气体,而全球排放量超过700亿立方米,未开发储量达万亿立方米。

传统Claus工艺需超过1200摄氏度的高温和多步化学反应,即使如此,仍会留下需进一步处理的污染物。最重要的是,该工艺将气体中的氢转化为水,导致中国每年浪费约73万吨潜在燃料。

大连化学物理研究所的李灿团队历经20年开发出“场外电催化”技术。该技术的关键在于重新设计机器内部管道,以防止堵塞。在标准实验装置中,反应发生在电极表面,但硫化氢分解产生固体硫,会迅速涂覆电极,阻碍电流流动。

新技术使用“电子介质”将电荷从电极转移到单独容器中,将气体分子断裂移至该区域,从而保持昂贵电部件清洁。该设计还防止氢气泡附着和硫渗入内部过滤器。

在河南新乡的试点设施利用附近甲醇厂的废气,运行超过1000小时无中断。山东孙威化工集团总经理郝文良报告,该过程产生纯度超过99.95%的硫和99.999%的氢气,两者均为全球市场高价值产品。

该设施采用“撬装”设计,预组装在框架上,便于运输和扩展,比传统处理厂占地少20%,易于集成到现有炼油厂。

这一技术正值中国推进“双碳”目标之际,即2030年前碳达峰、2060年前碳中和。中国计划到2030年生产180万吨“绿色氢”。李灿强调,使用此方法从废气回收氢可提供该计划容量的40%。

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