党名单替补引发民主担忧

随着第20届国会本月复会,对党名单替补程序的投诉日益增多,该程序合法但可能被滥用作为进入众议院的‘后门’。

根据《党名单制度法》(RA 7941),替补程序是允许的,当出现空缺时,下一个合格提名人选将取代原获胜者,并经选举委员会(Comelec)核实。最高法院已确认其合法性,指出选民选择的是党名单而非个人提名人,因此替补不会违反选民意愿。 然而,公民社会团体和议员呼吁改革,辩称替补允许从未向选民展示过的个人进入众议院,特别是当提名人选在宣告后立即辞职时。例如,Yedda Romualdez议员通过Tingog党名单重返众议院,因为其第三、第四和第五提名人选同时辞职。Comelec主席George Erwin Garcia证实这是允许的,因为Romualdez在该党提交的提名人名单上。 与此相反,最高法院废除了Rowena Guanzon在P3PWD党名单的提名,强调此类变更影响选民了解候选人身份的权利,从而作出明智选择。突然替补削弱了行业代表性,并加剧了精英把持现象,《菲律宾调查新闻中心》(PCIJ)报告称,254名选区议员中超过80%来自政治家族,而《菲律宾发展研究所》(PIDS)指出,156个认证党名单中也有78个与此类家族有关联。 拟议改革包括公开潜在替补者以核实资格、要求证明倡导参与度、对挑战进行公开听证,以及限制于死亡或永久丧失能力的情况,如选举改革团体Kontra Daya所建议。这些措施旨在防止‘占位符’滥用,并保护该制度免受王朝主导和欺骗性做法的影响。

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