Pharmacology
Scientists uncover hidden antibiotic intermediate 100-fold more active than methylenomycin A
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Researchers from the University of Warwick and Monash University report that pre-methylenomycin C lactone—an overlooked biosynthetic intermediate from Streptomyces coelicolor—shows more than a 100-fold increase in activity over methylenomycin A against Gram‑positive pathogens, including those behind MRSA and VRE. The finding adds momentum to efforts to tackle antimicrobial resistance, which was directly linked to an estimated 1.27 million deaths in 2019.
New compounds halt cancer growth without damaging healthy cells
Scientists from the Francis Crick Institute and Vividion Therapeutics have developed chemical compounds that prevent the RAS gene from signaling tumor growth via the PI3K pathway. The treatment stopped tumor growth in mice models of lung and breast cancer without causing side effects like hyperglycemia. It is now entering human clinical trials.
Higher semaglutide dose boosts weight loss in obesity trials
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Two phase 3 clinical trials show that a 7.2 mg weekly dose of semaglutide leads to greater weight loss than the approved 2.4 mg dose in adults with obesity, including those with type 2 diabetes. Nearly half of participants on the higher dose lost 20% or more of their body weight over 72 weeks. The results, published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, suggest improved metabolic health with a favorable safety profile.
Scientists uncover brain circuit that overrides chronic pain
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have identified a group of brainstem neurons that can suppress chronic pain signals when survival needs like hunger or fear arise. These Y1 receptor neurons in the lateral parabrachial nucleus act as a neural switchboard, prioritizing urgent biological demands over persistent discomfort. The discovery, published in Nature, offers potential new avenues for pain treatments.
Scientists create mini human livers to predict drug toxicities
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Genetic study links lower cholesterol to reduced dementia risk
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A large-scale genetic analysis of about 1.09 million people suggests that lifelong, genetically lower cholesterol—specifically non‑HDL cholesterol—is associated with substantially reduced dementia risk. Using Mendelian randomization to emulate the effects of cholesterol‑lowering drug targets such as those for statins (HMGCR) and ezetimibe (NPC1L1), the study found up to an approximately 80% lower risk per 1 mmol/L reduction for some targets. ([research-information.bris.ac.uk](https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/cholesterollowering-drug-targets-reduce-risk-of-dementia-mendelia?utm_source=openai))
Reptile urine crystals may inform future approaches to gout and kidney stones
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Scientists reporting in the Journal of the American Chemical Society examined solid urine from more than 20 reptile species and found tiny uric‑acid spheres that package waste while conserving water. The study, highlighted by the American Chemical Society and ScienceDaily, also suggests uric acid helps convert toxic ammonia into a less harmful solid, a mechanism that could guide future strategies against gout and kidney stones.
Scientists discover protein that switches off hunger
Researchers have identified how a protein called MRAP2 regulates hunger by transporting the brain receptor MC4R to the cell surface, enhancing appetite-suppressing signals. This finding, from a study involving institutions in Germany, Canada, and the UK, could lead to new obesity treatments. The work was published in Nature Communications.
Colorado audit finds many cannabis flower THC labels overstated; concentrates largely accurate
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A statewide analysis led by the University of Colorado Boulder found that about 43% of cannabis flower products sold in Colorado listed THC levels outside the state’s ±15% accuracy threshold—most overstating potency—while 96% of concentrates matched their labels. The results point to a need for tighter testing and clearer packaging to bolster consumer trust.