Manusia kembali ke Inggris 500 tahun lebih awal setelah zaman es

Penelitian baru menunjukkan bahwa manusia kembali menghuni Kepulauan Inggris sekitar 15.200 tahun yang lalu, hampir 500 tahun lebih awal dari perkiraan sebelumnya. Kepulangan ini bertepatan dengan kenaikan tajam suhu musim panas yang mengubah lanskap wilayah tersebut.

Penduduk kembali ke Inggris saat lapisan es besar terakhir menyusut, mengikuti kawanan rusa kutub dan kuda melintasi padang rumput yang mulai menghangat. Pada saat itu, Inggris masih terhubung dengan daratan Eropa, yang memudahkan migrasi bagi manusia maupun hewan. Garis waktu yang diperbarui ini berasal dari penanggalan radiokarbon yang dikalibrasi ulang serta analisis baru terhadap sedimen dari Danau Llangorse di Wales selatan.

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Scientists have found genetic evidence that modern humans reached New Guinea and Australia around 60,000 years ago, backing the long chronology over more recent estimates. The international team, led by researchers at the University of Huddersfield and the University of Southampton, analyzed nearly 2,500 mitochondrial DNA genomes from Aboriginal Australians, New Guineans, and Southeast Asian populations. Their work suggests early migrants used at least two routes through Southeast Asia.

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Genetic analysis of remains from a megalithic tomb near Bury, 50 kilometers north of Paris, reveals a complete population turnover around 3000 BC. The earlier group shared genetics with northern European farmers, while newcomers arrived from southern France and the Iberian Peninsula. Researchers link the shift to disease, environmental stress, and social changes.

A prolonged drought around 61,000 years ago may have driven the extinction of Homo floresiensis, the small-bodied human species known as hobbits, on the Indonesian island of Flores. Researchers analyzed cave stalagmites and fossil teeth to reconstruct climate conditions that aligned with the species' disappearance from Liang Bua cave. The drying trend also affected their prey, pygmy elephants, exacerbating food and water shortages.

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Scientists analyzing ancient ice from Antarctica have found that ocean temperatures dropped by 2 to 2.5 degrees Celsius over the past 3 million years, while carbon dioxide and methane levels changed only modestly. The studies, led by researchers from Oregon State University and others, suggest factors beyond greenhouse gases drove much of Earth's long-term cooling. The findings come from ice cores at Allan Hills in East Antarctica.

 

 

 

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