Masyarakat Inggris Zaman Perunggu gunakan perkakas tulang untuk penambangan tembaga

Sebuah studi baru menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Inggris pada Zaman Perunggu terus mengandalkan perkakas dari tulang hewan untuk ekstraksi tembaga di tambang Great Orme di Wales Utara, bahkan setelah peralatan logam tersedia. Para peneliti memeriksa 150 artefak tulang dan menemukan bahwa benda-benda tersebut dibentuk untuk tugas-tugas khusus seperti membelah batu dan mengeruk bijih. Praktik ini berlangsung setidaknya selama sembilan abad, mulai dari 3.700 hingga 2.800 tahun yang lalu.

Analisis ini berfokus pada tulang-tulang dari kompleks pertambangan tembaga Zaman Perunggu di Great Orme. Lebih dari 30.000 fragmen tulang telah ditemukan dari situs tersebut sejak penggalian dimulai pada awal 1990-an. Lebih dari separuhnya berasal dari sapi, sementara sisanya berasal dari domba, kambing, dan babi. Arkeolog Olga Zagorodnia dari British Museum dan Harriet White, seorang peneliti independen, menggunakan mikroskop resolusi tinggi serta eksperimen replika untuk mengidentifikasi pembentukan yang disengaja dan pola keausan akibat pemakaian pada tulang-tulang tersebut.

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Archaeologists have identified the oldest genetically confirmed dog remains from a site in Turkey dating back 15,800 years, pushing the timeline for canine domestication by about 5,000 years. Additional remains from the UK, around 14,300 years old, show dogs were widespread across Europe during the hunter-gatherer era. The findings suggest early humans spread domesticated dogs through cultural exchanges.

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