Malaria membentuk permukiman manusia purba di seluruh Afrika

Penelitian baru menunjukkan bahwa malaria mendorong populasi manusia purba menjauh dari wilayah berisiko tinggi di sub-Sahara Afrika selama 74.000 tahun terakhir. Fragmentasi ini memengaruhi keragaman genetik dan struktur populasi. Studi ini menyoroti penyakit sebagai kekuatan evolusioner utama di samping iklim.

Para peneliti dari Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology dan University of Cambridge menganalisis risiko penularan malaria dari 74.000 hingga 5.000 tahun yang lalu. Dengan menggunakan model distribusi spesies untuk kompleks nyamuk, data paleoklimat, dan informasi epidemiologi, mereka memetakan zona berisiko tinggi di sub-Sahara Afrika. Manusia secara konsisten menghindari area-area tersebut, yang menyebabkan terbentuknya kelompok-kelompok terpisah yang lebih jarang melakukan perkawinan silang. Dinamika ini berkontribusi pada pola keragaman genetik manusia modern, sebagaimana dirinci dalam studi yang diterbitkan di Science Advances dengan DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aea2316. Dr. Margherita Colucci, penulis utama dari Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology dan University of Cambridge, menjelaskan: 'Kami menggunakan model distribusi spesies dari tiga kompleks nyamuk utama bersama dengan model paleoklimat. Menggabungkan data ini dengan data epidemiologi memungkinkan kami untuk memperkirakan risiko penularan malaria di seluruh sub-Sahara Afrika.' Temuan ini menantang pandangan tradisional bahwa iklim saja yang menentukan persebaran manusia purba. Profesor Andrea Manica dari University of Cambridge mencatat: 'Efek dari pilihan-pilihan ini membentuk demografi manusia selama 74.000 tahun terakhir, dan kemungkinan jauh lebih awal. Dengan memfragmentasi masyarakat manusia di seluruh lanskap, malaria berkontribusi pada struktur populasi yang kita lihat saat ini.' Profesor Eleanor Scerri dari Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology menambahkan bahwa penelitian tersebut 'membuka batas baru dalam penelitian tentang evolusi manusia' dengan menekankan peran penyakit dalam prasejarah.

Artikel Terkait

Archaeological dig at Bronze Age Arkaim uncovering sheep skeleton with visualized ancient plague DNA against Eurasian steppe landscape.
Gambar dihasilkan oleh AI

Ancient sheep DNA offers new clues to how a Bronze Age plague spread across Eurasia

Dilaporkan oleh AI Gambar dihasilkan oleh AI Fakta terverifikasi

Researchers analyzing ancient DNA say they have detected the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis in the remains of a domesticated sheep from Arkaim, a Bronze Age settlement in the southern Ural region of present-day Russia. The team reports this is the first known identification of a Bronze Age plague lineage in a nonhuman host from that period, a finding that could help explain how an early, pre-flea-adapted form of plague traveled widely across Eurasia.

A new study reveals that almost every forest bird species in Hawaiʻi can transmit avian malaria, contributing to its widespread presence across the islands. Researchers detected the parasite at 63 of 64 tested sites, highlighting the role of both native and introduced birds in sustaining the disease. The findings underscore the challenges in protecting vulnerable native species like honeycreepers.

Dilaporkan oleh AI

Genetic analysis of remains from a megalithic tomb near Bury, 50 kilometers north of Paris, reveals a complete population turnover around 3000 BC. The earlier group shared genetics with northern European farmers, while newcomers arrived from southern France and the Iberian Peninsula. Researchers link the shift to disease, environmental stress, and social changes.

Researchers have discovered a protein called Aurora-related kinase 1 (ARK1) that is vital for the malaria parasite's cell division. Disabling ARK1 in experiments halted the parasite's ability to replicate in both human and mosquito hosts. The finding, published in Nature Communications, highlights a potential target for new antimalarial drugs.

Dilaporkan oleh AI

Mpumalanga's Health MEC Sasekani Manzini has called for collaboration with Mozambique and Eswatini to tackle a malaria outbreak that has caused four deaths and 858 cases since the start of the year. The province marked World Malaria Day in Nkomazi, where recent floods have boosted mosquito breeding. Officials note many cases are imported from across the borders.

University of Utah researchers report that iron-rich hemozoin crystals inside the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum move through the parasite’s digestive compartment because reactions involving hydrogen peroxide at the crystal surface generate chemical propulsion. The work, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, links a long-observed phenomenon to peroxide chemistry and could point to new antimalarial drug strategies and ideas for engineered micro- and nanoscale devices.

Dilaporkan oleh AI

Analysis of ancient DNA shows that people who replaced Britain's population around 2400 BC came from the river deltas of the Low Countries. These migrants, linked to the Bell Beaker culture, carried a unique mix of hunter-gatherer and early farmer ancestry preserved in wetland regions. Within a century, they accounted for 90 to 100 percent of Britain's genetic makeup, displacing the Neolithic farmers who built Stonehenge.

Situs web ini menggunakan cookie

Kami menggunakan cookie untuk analisis guna meningkatkan situs kami. Baca kebijakan privasi kami untuk informasi lebih lanjut.
Tolak