Illustration of high-risk patients benefiting from GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic with reduced heart risks
Illustration of high-risk patients benefiting from GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic with reduced heart risks
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Estudo associa medicamentos GLP-1 a um menor risco de ataque cardíaco, derrame e morte em pacientes de alto risco

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Uma grande revisão de ensaios clínicos sobre desfechos cardiovasculares constatou que pessoas que utilizam agonistas do receptor de GLP-1 — medicamentos que incluem a semaglutida (vendida como Ozempic) — apresentaram um risco menor de eventos cardíacos graves do que aquelas que receberam placebo. A análise reuniu resultados de 11 ensaios envolvendo mais de 90.000 participantes, com um acompanhamento médio de quase três anos, e relatou benefícios em subgrupos de pacientes, incluindo aqueles com e sem diabetes.

Pesquisadores da Anglia Ruskin University analisaram 11 grandes ensaios de desfechos cardiovasculares de agonistas do receptor de peptídeo 1 semelhante ao glucagon (GLP-1) que acompanharam os participantes por pelo menos um ano.

No conjunto de dados combinado — abrangendo mais de 90.000 participantes com um acompanhamento médio de quase três anos — o tratamento com um agonista do receptor de GLP-1 foi associado a um risco cerca de 13% menor de eventos cardiovasculares adversos graves (um composto que incluiu ataque cardíaco, derrame e morte cardiovascular) em comparação com o placebo.

A revisão também relatou taxas menores de morte por todas as causas, juntamente com reduções em ataques cardíacos não fatais, derrames não fatais e hospitalizações por insuficiência cardíaca entre as pessoas que receberam medicamentos GLP-1. Os maiores benefícios foram observados em grupos já considerados de alto risco cardiovascular, como pessoas com obesidade, diabetes tipo 2 ou doença cardíaca estabelecida.

O que as pessoas estão dizendo

As reações iniciais no X destacam os benefícios cardiovasculares de medicamentos GLP-1, como a semaglutida, a partir de uma grande revisão de ensaios, observando reduções de 20% em ataques cardíacos, derrames e mortes. Os usuários enfatizam benefícios independentes da perda de peso e implicações mais amplas para a prevenção de doenças cardíacas. Profissionais de saúde discutem os dados dos ensaios e as recomendações, com alguns observando perfis de segurança e aplicações no mundo real.

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Study finds people who use Ozempic-like drugs for weight loss face added stigma

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People who lose weight using GLP-1 medications such as Ozempic and Wegovy may be judged more negatively than those who lose weight through diet and exercise — and even more negatively than people who do not lose weight at all — according to a new study led by Rice University psychologist Erin Standen.

A large study tracking nearly 100,000 people in Sweden found that GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide, sold as Ozempic and Wegovy, are associated with significantly fewer psychiatric hospital visits and reduced sick days due to mental health issues. Researchers observed drops of up to 47% in various mental health risks during drug use periods. The findings appear in The Lancet Psychiatry.

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A year-long observational study in Japan suggests that people with type 2 diabetes who tend to overeat in response to tempting food cues such as sight and smell may see greater weight loss—and possibly better blood-sugar improvement—after starting GLP-1 receptor agonists, while those with primarily emotional eating patterns show less consistent links to long-term outcomes.

Researchers at Vanderbilt Health discovered that both popular weight loss drugs and bariatric surgery significantly reduce fat mass while causing modest losses in fat-free mass, including muscle, in patients with obesity. The findings, based on over 3,000 patients, show improvements in overall body composition over 24 months. Maintaining this balance is crucial for long-term health, the study emphasizes.

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University of Utah scientists report that a radical SAM enzyme known as PapB can join the ends of certain therapeutic peptides to form stable, ring-shaped structures. In experiments described in ACS Bio & Med Chem Au, the enzyme macrocyclized GLP-1-like peptides—including versions containing nonstandard amino acids found in some modern incretin drugs—an approach the researchers say could help make GLP-1 medicines such as semaglutide (Ozempic and Wegovy) more resistant to breakdown.

Researchers in Barcelona report that the lipid drug pemafibrate and the blood-pressure medicine telmisartan reduced diet-induced liver fat in rats and in a zebrafish model of fatty liver disease, with a half-dose combination performing as well as full doses of either drug alone. The work, published in Pharmacological Research, also describes a role for the PCK1 protein in telmisartan’s liver effects and argues that clinical trials would be needed to confirm any benefit in people.

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University of Oklahoma scientists report that the hormone FGF21 reduces body weight in obese mice by acting on a hindbrain pathway—centered on the nucleus of the solitary tract and area postrema—that relays signals to the parabrachial nucleus. The team says the mechanism overlaps anatomically with brain regions implicated in GLP-1 drugs, but appears to promote weight loss mainly by increasing metabolic rate rather than primarily suppressing food intake.

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