最高法院宣布萨拉·杜特尔特的弹劾违宪

菲律宾最高法院裁定针对副总统萨拉·杜特尔特的弹劾投诉因时机问题违宪。大法官马维克·莱奥嫩撰写了这一裁决,引发了关于法院在弹劾程序中作用的辩论。批评者认为这一干预保护了杜特尔特免于问责。

2026年2月7日,最高法院发布裁决,宣布副总统萨拉·杜特尔特的弹劾违宪。由大法官马维克·莱奥嫩撰写的裁决基于一个技术细节:此次弹劾发生在针对她的前一次弹劾申请一年内,违反了宪法关于至少间隔一年的要求。裁决还概述了弹劾程序规则,指导国会如何进行,并建议这些规则可防止滥用。然而,法院的计时方法仍备受争议,核心问题是弹劾是否属于司法管辖范围。此次裁决与2018年前首席大法官玛丽亚·卢尔德斯·塞雷诺被免职案有相似之处,莱奥嫩当时称其为‘法律怪胎’,因为绕过了正式弹劾程序。由前总统贝尼尼奥·阿基诺三世任命的塞雷诺因在其法学教授时期未提交资产、负债和净值声明(SALN)而被法院免职。莱奥嫩也是阿基诺任命的大法官,在塞雷诺免职案中持异议但参与了程序。在杜特尔特案中,这一裁决被视为救助,既惠及她,也惠及参议院,后者在大规模公众抗议中拖延了她的审判近半年。众议院计划重新提交投诉,但中期选举后新领导层的参议院表现出不情愿,转而推动宪章变革(Cha-Cha)倡议。这引发了对国会与司法部门权力分立问题的担忧。

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