An international meta-analysis with nearly 24,000 elderly reveals that emotional support reduces depressive symptoms in old age more than practical daily help. The research, published in the American Journal of Epidemiology, analyzed data from 11 studies in various countries, including Brazil. Experts emphasize the importance of affective bonds for elderly mental health.
A meta-analysis published in October in the American Journal of Epidemiology compiled data from 11 studies with nearly 24,000 elderly from countries such as Brazil, Australia, China, Germany, India, South Korea, Sweden, and the United States. The results show that emotional support, such as having someone to talk to, reduces the intensity of depressive symptoms in all analyzed cohorts, regardless of cultural context.
In contrast, instrumental support, which involves practical help with daily tasks like bathing or dressing, does not provide the same protective effect and, in some cases, may even be associated with more depression, especially when linked to loss of autonomy.
Depression affects over 25 million people worldwide, according to the WHO, and is particularly prevalent among the elderly, affecting about 20% of them, estimates geriatrician Thais Ioshimoto from the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. "The depression of the elderly is a very prevalent disease. [...] When untreated, the disease can bring health consequences and worsen quality of life," she states.
Ioshimoto explains the difference: "Receiving instrumental support is having someone to help with daily tasks [...]. Receiving emotional support is much more than that: it's having someone to talk to, it's welcoming." Without an affective bond, practical help can generate insecurity and fear of abandonment.
The study indicates that the protective effect of emotional support is similar in men and women, helping to process difficult experiences, reduce stress, and combat loneliness. To identify it, a doctor-patient bond is essential. "Nothing replaces a good conversation to identify the degree of emotional support this elderly person has," says the geriatrician.
Investing in community groups and intergenerational activities can reduce urban isolation. "Elderly people with affective support, whether from family, friends, or community, live longer and better," assures Ioshimoto.
