Des métajets miniatures pourraient diriger des voiles solaires pour le voyage interstellaire

Des chercheurs ont mis au point des dispositifs minuscules qui utilisent la lumière pour contrôler le mouvement dans plusieurs directions, faisant progresser le potentiel des vaisseaux spatiaux à propulsion lumineuse. Les métajets, fabriqués en silicium, ont été testés en laboratoire et ont donné des résultats prometteurs pour orienter de grandes voiles à travers l'espace. Cette percée pourrait aider à surmonter les limites actuelles en matière de direction de tels vaisseaux sur de vastes distances.

Des scientifiques de l'université Texas A&M ont créé le métajet, une minuscule plaquette de silicium d'environ 0,01 millimètre de large. Il est doté d'une métasurface avec des piliers microscopiques qui réfractent la lumière pour générer une impulsion contrôlée. Cela permet au dispositif de se déplacer à la fois verticalement et horizontalement, contrairement aux voiles solaires traditionnelles qui reposent principalement sur la réflexion.

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