Terumbu karang menyimpan mikroba unik dengan potensi medis

Para ilmuwan telah menemukan bahwa terumbu karang mengandung beragam komunitas mikroba, banyak di antaranya belum pernah diketahui sebelumnya, yang memproduksi senyawa dengan potensi kegunaan dalam bidang kedokteran dan bioteknologi. Temuan ini berasal dari studi berskala besar di seluruh Pasifik.

Sebuah tim internasional memeriksa sampel mikrobioma dari 99 terumbu karang di 32 pulau Pasifik. Mereka merekonstruksi genom dari 645 spesies mikroba, yang lebih dari 99 persen di antaranya belum pernah dideskripsikan secara genetik sebelumnya. Mikroba-mikroba ini hidup berdampingan secara erat dengan inang karang dan mencakup cakupan kluster gen biosintetik yang lebih luas daripada yang tercatat di tempat lain di lautan.

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Illustration of a mother-daughter diving duo discovering the record-breaking J-shaped Pavona clavus coral colony on the Great Barrier Reef.
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Mother and daughter discover world's largest coral colony on Great Barrier Reef

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A mother-and-daughter duo of citizen scientists has uncovered the largest known coral colony on Australia's Great Barrier Reef, measuring 111 meters across and covering nearly 4,000 square meters. The J-shaped formation of Pavona clavus was found during a dive as part of the Great Reef Census initiative. Advanced 3D modeling confirmed its size, highlighting the role of community involvement in marine conservation.

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A team of international researchers has accused the US government of hastening the collapse of coral reefs around Guam through military expansions and proposed rollbacks to the Endangered Species Act. In a letter published in Science this month, they highlight how national security priorities are overriding conservation efforts. Without changes, these reefs face functional extinction similar to those in Florida.

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Researchers at MIT have discovered chemical evidence in rocks over 541 million years old suggesting that ancient sea sponges were among Earth's first animals. The findings, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, identify molecular fingerprints matching compounds from modern demosponges. This builds on earlier work and confirms the signals originate from biological sources rather than geological processes.

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