The Aravalli, India's oldest mountain range, blocks the Thar Desert's expansion and promotes monsoon rainfall. Spanning 29 districts across four states, it is vital for the climate, water, and biodiversity of 50 million people. A recent Supreme Court ruling has sparked controversy over its definition.
The Aravalli mountain range stretches about 670 kilometers and is 2.5 billion years old. It spans 29 districts in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, and Delhi, home to around 50 million people. Scientists note that it blocks monsoon winds to create orographic rainfall, leading to 20-30% more precipitation in Rajasthan and Delhi-NCR. Without it, the Thar Desert would expand eastward, droughts would intensify, and dust storms would become common.
The range recharges groundwater, prevents soil erosion, and acts as a carbon sink to combat climate change. In terms of biodiversity, it hosts 31 mammal species such as leopards and sloth bears, over 300 bird species, and more than 200 plants including dhok, babul, and neem trees. Medicinal plants like brahmi, guggul, and hadjod are also found here. The Aravalli includes over 20 sanctuaries, notably the Sariska Tiger Reserve and Ranthambore National Park.
Recently, the Supreme Court ruled that only hills over 100 meters qualify as Aravalli, endangering over 90% of the area. Environment Minister Bhupendra Yadav clarified that environmental concerns will not be ignored. Threats from illegal mining and urbanization are rising, potentially increasing human-wildlife conflicts. Scientists warn that without protection, a climate crisis could hit northern India in 10-20 years. The range also contributes billions economically through tourism and forest products.