Suprema corte dos EUA declara ilegais tarifas de Trump

A Suprema Corte dos EUA declarou ilegais as tarifas recíprocas e a tarifa sobre fentanil impostas por Donald Trump sob a IEEPA. O México mantém tarifas zero para bens conformes ao T-MEC, mas os não conformes caem de 25% para 15%. Isso reduz a vantagem competitiva das exportações mexicanas não conformes.

A decisão da Suprema Corte dos EUA, invalidando tarifas baseadas na Lei de Poderes Econômicos de Emergência Internacional (IEEPA), sinaliza uma grande mudança no panorama comercial. Segundo a decisão, Trump não pode impor tarifas abruptas sem uma investigação prévia do Departamento de Comércio, anulando ameaças contra países que apoiam Cuba ou se opõem a intervenções na Groenlândia. Em resposta, Trump promulgou novas tarifas gerais de 15% sob a Seção 122 da Lei de Comércio, uma ferramenta temporária limitada a 150 dias sem aprovação legislativa. Para o México, bens conformes ao T-MEC mantêm tarifas zero, abrangendo cerca de 83% de suas exportações para os EUA. No entanto, os restantes 17% agora enfrentam 15%, abaixo dos 25% anteriores, alinhando-se com taxas semelhantes para a União Europeia (de 20% para 15%), China (de 34% para 15%) e Vietnã (de 46% para 15%). O Canadá mantém isenções sob o acordo regional. O México consolidou-se em 2025 como o principal parceiro comercial dos EUA, representando 15,6% do comércio total, com exportações mexicanas subindo 5,81% para um volume de 872,8 mil milhões de dólares. Contudo, tarifas persistem em setores-chave como aço, alumínio, veículos e peças automóveis, onde o México tem forte presença. Analistas preveem contenciosos sobre a validade da Seção 122 e possíveis mudanças para instrumentos como a Seção 301 para ações setoriais. Isso poderia expor indústrias mexicanas competitivas, como a automotiva e a eletrónica. A estabilidade depende da precisão operacional e da plena utilização do T-MEC para evitar os 15%.

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