Corte suprema de eu declara ilegales aranceles de trump

La Corte Suprema de Estados Unidos declaró ilegales los aranceles recíprocos y el arancel al fentanilo impuestos por Donald Trump bajo la IEEPA. México mantiene arancel cero para bienes bajo el T-MEC, pero los no cubiertos bajan del 25% al 15%. Esto reduce la ventaja competitiva de las exportaciones mexicanas no conformes.

La decisión de la Corte Suprema de Estados Unidos, que invalidó los aranceles basados en la Ley de Poderes Económicos de Emergencia Internacional (IEEPA), marca un cambio significativo en el panorama comercial. Según el fallo, Trump no puede imponer aranceles repentinos sin una investigación previa del Departamento de Comercio, lo que invalida las amenazas contra países que apoyan a Cuba o se oponen a intervenciones en Groenlandia.

En respuesta, Trump aplicó nuevos aranceles generales del 15% bajo la Sección 122 de la Ley de Comercio, un mecanismo temporal limitado a 150 días sin aprobación legislativa. Para México, los bienes que cumplen con el T-MEC conservan arancel cero, cubriendo aproximadamente el 83% de sus exportaciones a Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, el 17% restante ahora enfrenta un 15%, una reducción desde el 25% anterior, alineándose con tarifas similares para la Unión Europea (de 20% a 15%), China (de 34% a 15%) y Vietnam (de 46% a 15%). Canadá mantiene exención bajo el acuerdo regional.

México se consolidó en 2025 como el principal socio comercial de Estados Unidos, representando el 15.6% de su comercio total, con exportaciones mexicanas creciendo 5.81% y un volumen de 872.8 mil millones de dólares. No obstante, persisten aranceles en sectores clave como acero, aluminio, vehículos y autopartes, donde México tiene fuerte presencia.

Expertos anticipan litigios sobre la validez de la Sección 122 y posibles migraciones a instrumentos como la Sección 301 para acciones sectoriales. Esto podría exponer industrias mexicanas competitivas como automotriz y electrónica. La estabilidad depende de precisiones operativas y uso pleno del T-MEC para evitar el 15%.

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