South Korea's Supreme Court with banner announcing judicial reform laws taking effect on March 12, enabling constitutional appeals; judges and politicians celebrating.
South Korea's Supreme Court with banner announcing judicial reform laws taking effect on March 12, enabling constitutional appeals; judges and politicians celebrating.
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韩国的司法改革法案生效,允许提起宪法上诉

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韩国的司法改革法案于3月12日公布生效,允许对最高法院判决提起宪法上诉,并惩罚法律扭曲行为。这是1987年宪法修正以来首次重大改革,包括最高法院法官人数扩充。该措施尽管遭到在野党和司法界的反对,仍由执政民主党推动通过。

3月12日,韩国公布一揽子司法改革法案,引入对最高法院判决的宪法上诉机制。诉讼当事人如果认为终审判决违反宪法,例如与先前的宪法法院判决相冲突或侵犯基本权利,可在30天内向宪法法院提出申诉。如果申诉成立,案件将返回重审。当天,一名叙利亚国民申请推翻与驱逐相关的最高法院判决决定,截至下午2时已收到11件申诉。其他案件包括一名朝鲜绑架渔民家属要求赔偿判决迟延的申诉。 法案还将“法律扭曲”定为犯罪,对故意歪曲法律原则损害他人的法官、检察官或调查人员,可处以最高10年监禁。执政民主党认为此举可防止权力滥用,但司法界警告称,这可能因畏惧而促使保守判决,从而损害独立性。例子包括错用法规或隐瞒证据。 最高法院法官人数将从14人扩充至26人,从2028年3月起每年增加4人,历时三年。支持者称这可解决积案问题,目前每名法官每年处理3478件案件,从而实现更快、更彻底的审理。然而,批评者担心这将使李在明总统在其2029年6月任期结束时任命26名法官中的22名,可能用自由派塞满法院,并通过吸纳人才给下级法院造成压力。 当天,律师李炳哲针对首席大法官赵熙大和大法官朴英载提起申诉,指控他们在李在明总统选举法违规案2025年判决中存在扭曲,该判决推翻了下级法院的无罪裁定。警方确认将展开调查。周四开始为期两天的全国法院院长会议讨论改革,赵熙大警告称,这可能对公众造成“巨大损害”。

人们在说什么

X平台上对韩国司法改革法案于2026年3月12日生效的初步反应大多持怀疑和负面态度,焦点在于无休止诉讼损害受害者、司法审判回避,以及使国家有利于罪犯,尽管被誉为重大改革。

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