监管重叠让毕业生准备不足——EDCOM 2

高等教育委员会(CHED)、职业监管委员会(PRC)和技术教育与技能发展局(TESDA)的职责重叠,为菲律宾学习者和工人的职业发展制造了重大障碍,据第二国会教育委员会(EDCOM 2)的一项研究显示。这一发现将纳入其1月26日的最终报告。缺乏明确层级和协调导致重复监管和执行不一致。

据EDCOM 2称,虽然CHED、PRC和TESDA的设立是为了监管教育到就业管道的不同部分,但它们的授权法律赋予了平行且在某些情况下相互竞争的监管权力。例如,共和国法第7722号,即1994年《高等教育法》,赋予CHED对高等教育项目、课程和质量保证的权威。共和国法第7796号,即1994年《TESDA法》,要求TESDA制定能力标准、监管技术职业教育和培训并颁发国家证书。同时,共和国法第8981号,即2000年《PRC现代化法》,将PRC的角色扩展到超出执照,包括监督专业标准、持续专业发展和与教育机构的协调。实施这些法律时缺乏明确层级和定期协调,导致权威界限模糊,尤其是在学术项目、技能标准和执照要求交汇处。这转化为重复监管、执行不一致以及对机构和学生的矛盾政策指导。法定模糊性因较早的专业化法律而加剧,如1950年的《土木工程法》和1959年的《医学法》,这些法律是在1994年CHED和TESDA成立之前数十年颁布的11项法律之一。“由于这些条款是在没有国家高等教育和技能监管机构的情况下制定的,它们导致与CHED和TESDA颁布的当代标准和质量保证框架发生冲突,”EDCOM 2表示。即使在34个较新的专业委员会立法中,未能指定当标准分歧时哪个机构的规则优先,也让机构在导航相同项目、实验室和师资的多个不协调审计时陷入困境。虽然共和国法第7722号授权CHED为高等教育项目规定最低标准,但9项专业法律规定了项目长度、结构和所需设施。同时,36项专业法律详细规定了执照考试涵盖的实际主题,给CHED和TESDA留下的调整课程和培训项目以适应不断变化的行业需求的余地很小。TESDA监管项目毕业生在过渡到CHED监管学位项目时往往面临障碍,因为通过国家证书获得的技能未得到一致认可。“我们的毕业生正在为监管重叠付出代价。EDCOM 2的审查显示,CHED、TESDA和PRC之间不明确且相互竞争的授权延迟了学生进程、限制了学分认可并阻碍了项目快速适应劳动力市场需求,”EDCOM 2执行主任Karol Mark Yee表示。

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