Jejak cumi-cumi raksasa ungkap dunia laut tersembunyi di lepas pantai Australia

Para ilmuwan telah menemukan bukti adanya cumi-cumi raksasa dan ratusan spesies lain di ngarai bawah laut yang dalam di lepas pantai Australia Barat. Temuan ini berasal dari ekspedisi yang menggunakan analisis DNA lingkungan untuk menjelajahi kedalaman lebih dari 4 kilometer.

Peneliti dari Curtin University memimpin studi tersebut di atas kapal penelitian R/V Falkor milik Schmidt Ocean Institute. Mereka mengumpulkan lebih dari 1.000 sampel air dari ngarai Cape Range dan Cloates, sekitar 1.200 kilometer di utara Perth dekat pesisir Nyinggulu. Analisis tersebut mengidentifikasi 226 spesies dari 11 kelompok hewan, termasuk beberapa yang belum pernah tercatat sebelumnya di perairan Australia Barat.

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Illustration of a mother-daughter diving duo discovering the record-breaking J-shaped Pavona clavus coral colony on the Great Barrier Reef.
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Mother and daughter discover world's largest coral colony on Great Barrier Reef

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A mother-and-daughter duo of citizen scientists has uncovered the largest known coral colony on Australia's Great Barrier Reef, measuring 111 meters across and covering nearly 4,000 square meters. The J-shaped formation of Pavona clavus was found during a dive as part of the Great Reef Census initiative. Advanced 3D modeling confirmed its size, highlighting the role of community involvement in marine conservation.

Researchers at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology have revealed how squid and cuttlefish survived the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction by retreating to oxygen-rich deep-sea refuges. Their analysis of newly sequenced genomes shows these cephalopods originated in the deep ocean over 100 million years ago, followed by rapid diversification into shallow waters. The findings, published in Nature Ecology & Evolution, provide the first comprehensive evolutionary tree for decapodiform cephalopods.

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Researchers have uncovered evidence that octopuses from the Late Cretaceous period, around 100 million years ago, grew to lengths of nearly 20 meters and hunted as top predators. The findings, based on well-preserved fossil jaws from Japan and Vancouver Island, challenge previous views of early octopus evolution. Professor Yasuhiro Iba of Hokkaido University led the study, published in Science on April 23.

Researchers from Australia and New Zealand have discovered fossils from 16 species, including a new ancestor of the kākāpō parrot, in a cave near Waitomo on the North Island. The remains, dating back about one million years, reveal waves of extinction driven by volcanic eruptions and climate shifts long before human arrival. The find fills a major gap in the country's fossil record.

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Scientists have determined that structures once seen as traces of tiny animals in 540-million-year-old Brazilian rocks are actually fossilized communities of bacteria and algae. The reexamination uses advanced imaging to reveal preserved cells and organic material.

Researchers have found that Borneo's fanged frogs, long considered a single species, actually comprise several distinct genetic groups. Genetic analysis suggests around six or seven species rather than the up to 18 previously proposed. This discovery highlights the challenges in defining species boundaries for conservation efforts.

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A team of international researchers has accused the US government of hastening the collapse of coral reefs around Guam through military expansions and proposed rollbacks to the Endangered Species Act. In a letter published in Science this month, they highlight how national security priorities are overriding conservation efforts. Without changes, these reefs face functional extinction similar to those in Florida.

 

 

 

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