Gangguan pasokan energi dunia melalui Selat Hormuz berdampak pada Indonesia

Ketegangan antara Amerika Serikat dan Iran mengganggu pasokan energi melalui Selat Hormuz pada Maret 2026, memicu lonjakan harga minyak dan LNG yang memengaruhi Indonesia. Negara ini bergantung pada impor energi fosil, tetapi memiliki peluang dari cadangan mineral kritis. Pakar menyarankan percepatan adopsi kendaraan listrik dan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam.

Konflik geopolitik antara Amerika Serikat dan Iran menyebabkan gangguan distribusi energi global melalui Selat Hormuz pada Maret 2026. Hal ini memicu lonjakan signifikan harga minyak dan liquefied natural gas (LNG), mengingat ketergantungan tinggi pada energi fosil impor, termasuk di Indonesia.

Indonesia memiliki cadangan mineral kritis yang melimpah, seperti nikel 6,74 miliar ton sumber daya dan 3,13 miliar ton cadangan, tembaga 18,336 miliar ton sumber daya dan 2,86 miliar ton cadangan, bauksit 7,79 miliar ton bijih mentah, serta timah 8,27 miliar meter kubik sumber daya, menurut data Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral per Desember 2024. Fabby Tumiwa, CEO Institute for Essential Services Reform, menyatakan, “Di tengah meningkatnya tensi geopolitik dan persaingan global atas mineral kritis, Indonesia memiliki posisi yang sangat strategis karena cadangan nikelnya, tembaga, bauksit, dan timah menjadi fondasi utama industri.”

Percepatan adopsi kendaraan listrik dinilai strategis untuk meredam dampak lonjakan harga minyak terhadap APBN. Martinus Pasaribu, pengamat otomotif, menyebut 60-70 persen kebutuhan minyak nasional dari impor, dengan produksi domestik sekitar 600 ribu barel per hari. Kenaikan harga minyak US$1 per barel bisa tambah subsidi Rp8-10 triliun, dan dengan harga US$90-100 per barel, subsidi berpotensi Rp300 triliun per tahun.

Penggunaan 1 juta mobil listrik hemat 1,25 juta kiloliter BBM per tahun, sementara 5 juta motor listrik hemat 1,75 juta kiloliter, total Rp30-40 triliun penghematan devisa. Martinus menekankan kebijakan terintegrasi untuk insentif, infrastruktur pengisian daya, dan ekosistem industri kendaraan listrik.

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Dramatic aerial view of Iranian naval blockade in the Strait of Hormuz, halting oil tankers amid US-Israel tensions, with surging global oil prices.
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Iran blocks Strait of Hormuz amid escalation with US and Israel

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Escalation of conflict between Iran, the United States, and Israel has led Iran to order the closure of the Strait of Hormuz, halting tanker traffic and driving global oil prices above US$80 per barrel. The effects extend to Europe, which is now reconsidering plans to end Russian gas imports, while Indonesia pushes for de-escalation via the D-8 organization and assures stable fuel supplies.

Two weeks into Iran's blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, oil prices have surged above $100 a barrel and natural gas costs have risen, accelerating adoption of renewable energy and electric vehicles, analysts say. Asia, the primary recipient of fuels through the strait, faces acute vulnerability.

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Escalation of conflict between the US, Israel, and Iran in the Middle East has driven global oil prices above US$100 per barrel, weakening the rupiah to Rp17,000 and sharply dropping the IHSG. The Indonesian government asserts the domestic economy remains in expansion despite risks of inflation and layoffs. Energy Minister Bahlil Lahadalia guarantees no increase in subsidized fuel prices until Eid.

Following US-Israeli strikes on Iran—detailed in prior coverage—that killed Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei and escalated Middle East tensions with oil and gold surges, Indonesian businesses are implementing short-term risk mitigations amid rising costs, while Bank Indonesia monitors inflation risks.

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Governments in Asia, the top oil-importing region, are seeking alternatives to shield economies from the energy crisis triggered by the Iran war. The Asian Development Bank cut its growth forecast for developing Asia to 4.7% this year. Oil imports to the region plunged 30% in April.

TotalEnergies CEO Patrick Pouyanné said on Monday that a toll would be preferable to a prolonged closure of the Strait of Hormuz, through which 20% of global oil and gas passes. He spoke at a conference in Washington on the sidelines of the IMF and World Bank spring meetings. He warned of supply tensions if the situation lasts beyond three months.

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Two days after oil prices surged past $90 a barrel amid the Iran war, commodities analyst Christian Kopfer warns of impending rationing and supply chain chaos as stocks dwindle. Swedish consumers already face gasoline at 16 kronor per liter, with worse to come without resolution in the Strait of Hormuz.

 

 

 

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