Extra kopior av genetiskt material verkar ha stärkt blomväxternas överlevnadsförmåga under jordens stora miljökriser, inklusive händelsen som utplånade dinosaurierna.
En studie av 470 blomväxtarter fann 132 forntida genomdupliceringar som klustrade sig kring nio perioder av omvälvningar mellan 108 miljoner och 14 miljoner år sedan. Dessa inkluderade klimatförändringar, skiftningar i syrenivåer och massutdöenden, såsom asteroidnedslaget för 66 miljoner år sedan vid slutet av kritaperioden.
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Researchers at Hokkaido University report that cells left with an extra set of DNA after a division error can have markedly different outcomes depending on how the division fails—findings that could help explain why some abnormal cells persist in diseases where whole-genome duplication is common, including cancer.
Scientists have developed a new method using transposable elements to trace the evolutionary history of complex plant genomes. The approach was tested on the cultivated strawberry and identified multiple ancient hybridization events that shaped its octoploid genome.
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A new study suggests Earth's first animals evolved slowly because they reproduced asexually, limiting competition in ancient oceans. Researchers from the University of Cambridge say a later shift to sexual reproduction helped drive a surge in biodiversity during the Ediacaran period.
A new study from Yale University shows that DNA inherited from extinct Denisovans continues to affect immune function and skeletal development in people from Near Oceania. Researchers sequenced genomes from 177 individuals across 12 populations and identified over 3,100 active genetic variants. The findings were published June 11 in the journal Science.
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Scientists suggest that asteroid impacts created hot, chemical-rich environments that could have kick-started life on Earth. A new review led by recent Rutgers graduate Shea Cinquemani highlights impact-generated hydrothermal systems as potential cradles for life's building blocks. These systems may have persisted for thousands of years, providing ideal conditions for early biology.