L’évaluation d’Insper met en lumière l’impact limité de Pé-de-Meia sur le décrochage scolaire

Une évaluation ex ante du Centre des preuves en éducation intégrale d’Insper, publiée cette semaine, estime que le programme fédéral Pé-de-Meia pourrait réduire les taux de décrochage au lycée mais ne peut pas à lui seul relever les défis éducatifs pour les jeunes vulnérables. L’étude, basée sur des données de 2019, recommande des ajustements aux programmes étatiques pour compléter la bourse, tels qu’un accompagnement individualisé. Le livre détaillant les résultats est disponible gratuitement sur le site d’Insper.

Le programme Pé-de-Meia, lancé par le gouvernement fédéral en 2024, accorde des bourses aux élèves vulnérables des lycées publics, dans le but d’éradiquer le décrochage scolaire. Selon les données citées, 23,4 % des jeunes abandonnent le lycée au Brésil. L’initiative comprend 10 versements mensuels de R$ 200, retirables avec 80 % de fréquentation, et trois dépôts de R$ 1 000 à la fin de chaque année scolaire complétée, totalisant jusqu’à R$ 9 200 par élève, sous condition de validation et de passage de l’examen Enem.  nnInsper's evaluation, developed from 2019 PNADc and Inep data, examined the program's potential impact. The findings indicate that, in line with international evidence from about 90 similar programs, Pé-de-Meia could prevent one in every four at-risk youth from dropping out, enabling them to complete high school. However, the study stresses that the program alone does not resolve disruptions in educational trajectories in high school.  nnRegarding state programs, in place since 2007 across 13 initiatives, the analysis shows they had relevant local impacts but lack complementarity with the federal one. Receiving both benefits yields the same effect as Pé-de-Meia alone.  nnRecommendations include adjusting state programs, such as scholarships for higher education or personalized monitoring, inspired by Canada's Pathways to Education model, which pairs scholarships with individualized development plans and tutoring. Columnist Laura Machado notes that states could provide the missing individualized support in the federal program, enhancing education quality for the most vulnerable.

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