Kalajengking memperkuat capit dan sengat dengan logam

Para peneliti di University of Queensland telah menemukan bahwa banyak spesies kalajengking memperkuat capit dan sengat mereka menggunakan campuran besi, seng, dan mangan. Logam-logam tersebut terkonsentrasi di bagian ujung dan sisi tajam, membuat senjata ini lebih keras, mirip dengan sepatu berpelindung baja. Temuan ini berasal dari pemeriksaan terhadap 18 spesies di seluruh dunia.

Sam Campbell dan rekan-rekannya di University of Queensland menganalisis capit dan sengat dari 18 spesies kalajengking menggunakan teknik sinar-X dan mikroskop elektron. Mereka memetakan keberadaan besi, seng, dan mangan, bersama dengan jejak tembaga, nikel, silikon, klorin, titanium, dan bromin. Logam-logam ini muncul terutama di ujung sengat, sisi tajam capit, bagian mulut, gigi, dan cakar tarsal, sementara bagian eksoskeleton lainnya relatif lebih lunak, jelas Campbell. Area yang diperkuat logam tersebut menyerupai sepatu berujung baja, ujarnya. Kalajengking berpendar hijau atau biru di bawah sinar ultraviolet, namun bagian yang kaya logam ini tidak bersinar, tim mengamati. Spesies yang berbeda mengalokasikan logam secara bervariasi berdasarkan perilaku. Spesies dengan kadar seng tinggi di capit memiliki kadar rendah di sengat, dan sebaliknya, menunjukkan adaptasi untuk kegunaan tertentu, catat Campbell. Masih belum jelas bagaimana kalajengking memperoleh logam tersebut, meskipun mangsa kemungkinan besar adalah sumbernya. Aaron LeBlanc di King’s College London menyebut pengayaan logam ini lebih umum daripada yang diperkirakan sebelumnya, terutama pada gigi vertebrata. Ia mendeskripsikan penelitian ini sebagai perintis untuk memahami evolusinya di berbagai garis keturunan. Penelitian ini diterbitkan dalam Journal of the Royal Society Interface.

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