Studi menemukan sifat epigenetik melanggar hukum genetika Mendel

Sebuah studi pada tikus yang didanai pemerintah federal telah mengungkapkan bahwa beberapa sifat yang diwariskan mengikuti pola non-Mendel melalui perubahan epigenetik. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi ratusan peristiwa metilasi DNA yang tidak terduga lintas generasi. Penelitian ini juga mendokumentasikan paramutasi alami pertama yang diketahui pada mamalia.

Para peneliti di Johns Hopkins University dan Texas A&M University melacak metilasi DNA pada tiga generasi tikus. Mereka meneliti 12 pola pewarisan yang diketahui dan menemukan bahwa sekitar 7 persen tidak mengikuti aturan klasik Mendel. Di antaranya terdapat 54 kasus di mana metilasi muncul pada keturunan tanpa ada pada kedua induknya.

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Scientific illustration depicting mitochondrial 'pearling' process evenly spacing mtDNA nucleoids via calcium influx.
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EPFL study links mitochondrial “pearling” to the even spacing of mtDNA nucleoids

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Scientists at EPFL report that a transient shape change in mitochondria—known as “pearling,” in which the organelle briefly forms bead-like constrictions—can redistribute clusters of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into more evenly spaced nucleoids. The work, published April 2, 2026 in Science, suggests the process is triggered by calcium influx into mitochondria and may help explain how cells maintain robust mtDNA organization, a feature implicated in a range of mitochondrial-related disorders.

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