Studi anak kembar menunjukkan genetika lebih membentuk kesuksesan daripada pola asuh

Penelitian baru dari sebuah proyek besar mengenai anak kembar menunjukkan bahwa gen memainkan peran lebih besar dalam menentukan pendidikan, karier, dan pendapatan daripada sekadar lingkungan keluarga. Temuan ini diperoleh dari pemantauan partisipan sejak usia 23 hingga 27 tahun dan menyoroti hubungan genetik yang kuat dengan IQ. Para ahli menyatakan bahwa hasil tersebut menantang asumsi mengenai seberapa besar pola asuh dapat mengungguli sifat bawaan.

Para peneliti memantau sekitar 880 anak kembar melalui proyek TwinLife di Jerman, membandingkan anak kembar identik yang memiliki kesamaan gen seluruhnya dengan anak kembar fraternal yang memiliki kesamaan gen sekitar setengahnya. Tes IQ yang dilakukan pada usia 23 tahun menjadi prediktor kuat status sosial ekonomi empat tahun kemudian, dengan genetika menyumbang sekitar 75 persen variasi IQ dan 69 hingga 98 persen dari hubungan antara IQ dan status.

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Illustration of glowing whole-brain neural networks coordinating efficiently, representing a University of Notre Dame study on general intelligence.
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Study points to whole-brain network coordination as a key feature of general intelligence

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University of Notre Dame researchers report evidence that general intelligence is associated with how efficiently and flexibly brain networks coordinate across the whole connectome, rather than being localized to a single “smart” region. The findings, published in Nature Communications, are based on neuroimaging and cognitive data from 831 Human Connectome Project participants and an additional 145 adults from the INSIGHT Study.

Researchers at Israel's Weizmann Institute of Science have determined that genetics explain about 50% of differences in human lifespan, far more than previously estimated. The finding, published in the journal Science, challenges earlier views that placed genetic influence at 20-25% or less. By analyzing twin data and filtering out external death causes, the team uncovered this stronger hereditary role.

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A new book by bioethicist Daphne O. Martschenko and sociologist Sam Trejo explores the implications of polygenic scores in genetic testing, highlighting potential inequalities and myths surrounding genetics. Through their 'adversarial collaboration,' the authors debate whether such research can promote equity or entrench social divides. They call for stricter regulation to ensure responsible use.

A study funded by the U.S. National Institute on Aging concludes that interacting with problematic people accelerates biological aging. Each additional such person increases biological age by about nine months and speeds up the aging rate by 1.5%.

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A recent study indicates that left-handed individuals may have an edge in competitive situations, while right-handed people are better at cooperation. This finding challenges evolutionary expectations about handedness. Researchers explore why around 10 percent of humans remain left-handed despite potential survival disadvantages.

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