Un estudio revela que los rasgos epigenéticos rompen las leyes genéticas de Mendel

Un estudio en ratones financiado por el gobierno federal ha revelado que algunos rasgos hereditarios siguen patrones no mendelianos a través de cambios epigenéticos. La investigación identificó cientos de eventos inesperados de metilación del ADN a lo largo de las generaciones. También documentó la primera paramutación natural conocida en un mamífero.

Investigadores de la Universidad Johns Hopkins y la Universidad Texas A&M rastrearon la metilación del ADN en tres generaciones de ratones. Examinaron 12 patrones de herencia conocidos y descubrieron que cerca del 7 por ciento no seguía las reglas mendelianas clásicas. Entre ellos hubo 54 casos en los que la metilación apareció en la descendencia sin estar presente en ninguno de los progenitores.

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Scientific illustration depicting mitochondrial 'pearling' process evenly spacing mtDNA nucleoids via calcium influx.
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EPFL study links mitochondrial “pearling” to the even spacing of mtDNA nucleoids

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Scientists at EPFL report that a transient shape change in mitochondria—known as “pearling,” in which the organelle briefly forms bead-like constrictions—can redistribute clusters of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into more evenly spaced nucleoids. The work, published April 2, 2026 in Science, suggests the process is triggered by calcium influx into mitochondria and may help explain how cells maintain robust mtDNA organization, a feature implicated in a range of mitochondrial-related disorders.

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