Une étude montre que les crédits carbone freinent la déforestation mais surestiment les économies réalisées

Une analyse rigoureuse de 44 projets de crédits carbone a révélé que la plupart ont permis de réduire la déforestation dans une certaine mesure, mais qu'ils ont émis en moyenne près de 11 fois plus de crédits de protection forestière que ce qui a été réellement accompli.

Les recherches, dirigées par Tom Swinfield de l'Université de Cambridge, ont examiné des projets développés après l'établissement des directives des Nations unies pour la réduction des émissions liées à la déforestation et à la dégradation des forêts dans les années 2010. Trente-six de ces projets ont permis d'atteindre un niveau de déforestation légèrement inférieur à ce qui était attendu sans intervention, seul un projet ayant conduit à une perte d'arbres nettement plus importante. Cependant, seul un crédit vendu sur onze était justifié par des réductions réelles, un chiffre gonflé par les projets qui ont émis le plus de crédits sans pour autant obtenir de résultats.

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