警惕应对油价冲击的民粹主义措施

美伊冲突推高了菲律宾的油价,引发暂停消费税和调控价格的呼声。经济学家警告称,这可能导致收入损失和利益分配不均。针对弱势群体的援助被视为更有效。

中东持续紧张局势,特别是美伊冲突,导致油价上涨,影响菲律宾的交通运输、食品成本和通胀。政府经济学家预测通胀率可能高达7.5%。这引发了暂停石油产品消费税并恢复价格管制的提议,这些措施被视为消费者保护措施。nn在国会,一项法案正在推进,该法案将授权费迪南德·马科斯 Jr. 总统在紧急情况下暂停消费税。该法案由众议院议长福斯蒂诺·“博迪”·迪和总统之子桑德罗·马科斯提出。此外,还有人呼吁废除1998年的石油放松管制法,该法被指责导致价格波动。nn然而,菲律宾大学经济学系的JC·普农巴扬博士认为,暂停税收相当于一种粗放补贴,更惠及使用更多燃料的中产阶级和高收入群体。关于2017年TRAIN法的研究所示,消费税具有边际累进性。根据财政部和海关局的估算,收入可能损失1360亿至3000亿比索,这些资金本可用于医疗或教育。谢温·加奇阿里安参议员强调了这种“权衡”。nn为提供更有效的救济,建议采用针对性转移支付,例如向公共交通车辆司机、农民和渔民提供现金支持,这些群体受油价冲击影响最大。历史上,放松管制前的石油价格稳定基金(OPSF)从1990年至1997年贡献了176亿比索的赤字,据尼姆法·门多萨的报告。nn从长远来看,需要改善公共交通和能源多样化,以减少对进口石油的依赖。虽然冲突可能为临时措施提供正当理由,但不应复兴过时且无效的政策。

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Philippine lawmakers approving bill for President Marcos' fuel tax powers amid Middle East oil crisis.
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House approves bill granting Marcos special powers on fuel excise tax

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The House of Representatives has approved a bill on second reading granting President Marcos special powers to suspend or reduce excise taxes on fuel to cushion the impact of soaring oil prices due to the Middle East conflict. This measure is part of broader government efforts to protect Filipinos from potential increases in commodity prices. Meanwhile, the Department of Transportation is studying a possible fare hike for public transport.

The House Committee on Ways and Means has approved a substitute bill empowering President Bongbong Marcos to suspend or reduce excise taxes on petroleum products amid surging fuel prices due to the escalating Middle East conflict.

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On Thursday, March 12, President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. certified as urgent a bill granting him emergency powers to suspend or reduce excise taxes on petroleum products. The move aims to address soaring fuel prices amid Middle East tensions. Sen. Win Gatchalian warned of tradeoffs, including a potential P136 billion revenue loss for the government.

Malacañang has acknowledged the efforts of local government units and the private sector to mitigate the effects of the Middle East crisis, particularly on vulnerable groups. Executive Secretary Ralph Recto highlighted initiatives like boosting fuel supplies and providing free transportation. He described these as a synergy ensuring the nation's energy security amid external pressures.

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Economic managers are set to meet today to submit proposals to President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. addressing soaring oil prices from the Middle East war. Presidential Communications Undersecretary Claire Castro said the Development Budget Coordination Committee discussed measures including fuel excise taxes. The UPLIFT committee meeting is also scheduled.

The Senate's probe into the government's response to the Middle East crisis is targeting oil companies for potential profiteering as fuel prices rise sharply. Sen. Sherwin Gatchalian voiced concerns over firms selling old fuel stocks at elevated prices. Sen. Bam Aquino called for a price freeze on essential goods.

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President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva announced on March 12, 2026, the exemption of federal taxes on diesel to prevent price hikes amid Middle East tensions involving Iran, the United States, and Israel. The measure, costing around 30 billion reais, will be funded by a new tax on oil exports. Experts view the initiative as reasonable in the short term, though it has electoral implications.

 

 

 

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